Therapeutic Music Free Essays

People are now playing therapeutic music for patients in hospitals, hospices and other clinical settings to improve their healing. Music seems to be therapeutic to the human mind. Music can also provoke memories. We will write a custom essay sample on Therapeutic Music or any similar topic only for you Order Now It can trigger things in our minds that we all have experienced as humans. Music’s power extends to the point where we don’t even have to hear a song, we just have to think of it. When this happens, memories of a particular event or time in our lives that possess or resemble some type of association can come flooding back (Science of People; Danielle M. Baker). Through these scientific discoveries, we see yet another aspect of the power of music in the human mind. This power can be seen in the composition Forever Music by Mark Hayes and Susan Boersma. Historically and scientifically, it is evident that music has a power that is both unique and universal. The language of Forever Music is written for the intended purpose of global unification through the power of music. The idea of producing a common ground amongst all people who can hear. The message; music represents life, peace, time, love, and the happy assembly of all people in the world regardless of ones individual background. Each lyrical element in this piece is intended to allow all people of every culture to share a song. A song that carries meaning applicable to everyone who can hear. Mark and Susan seem to have envisioned, as demonstrated by the text’s language and rhetoric, a peaceful and unified world that has the deepest appreciation for life and music. The audience for this text is timeless. â€Å"†¦ where present, past, and future meet upon a narrow bridge of time.† This work is written for all people of all ages. It is designed to inform the world that each individual life is a song meant to be sung. The study of this piece, Forever Music, can be broken down into many different segments. We will take time to dissect each phrase in the song with the hope of being able to fully understand the depths of its symbolism and how what it communicates relates to people of every age and from every culture around the world. We will contextualize the songs language though it’s lyrics, and we will also try to gain a better musical understanding for the way that this piece was composed. We can just as easily dissect the musical element of Forever Music as the lyrical element. These two categories, individually, are imbedded with such meaning, emotion, and symbolism. These are things that we get to discover! There are many years of professional experience between this works creators, and because of this, their experiences enhance their ability, and this songs ability, to reach a timeless audience from every culture. How to cite Therapeutic Music, Papers

Build International Business Networks free essay sample

Sydney| 10-12 March 2013| $ 300| It provides an excellent opportunity for all the entrepreneur and new companies to work along with topmost established and contemporary brands to get an international exposure and to find their target customers, retailers, suppliers and manufactures and for discovering new labels and keeping up-to date with trends and network to build relationships with new designers and wholesalers as well. | 2. Franchising amp; Business Opportunities Expo Sydney| 15-17 March 2013| $ 300| It is to make franchising offer the new investors an established and successful business environment. | 3. Australian International Sourcing Fair 2013 Melbourne| 13-15 Nov. 2013| $ 1400| It is all about making business easier. It connects manufacturers to retailers and importantly promotes a diverse array of exciting product options from fashion and textiles to homewares. | 4. China Clothing amp; Textiles Expo Melbourne| 13-15 Nov. 013| $ 1400| It serves as an ideal platform for the attendees to exchange the latest news, views and information that are currently prevailing in the sector, while participating business houses can also devise strategies for more effective order placement as well, thanks to the business acumen they gain by attending the show. | 5. Canton Fair (China Import and Export Fair) – Guangzhou China| 1-5 May 2013| $ 400| It provides a platform for national and international vendors, suppliers, manufacturers and ntrepreneur to show their products, for national and international visitors to place orders, sharing and exchanging information and cooperation opportunities. | Part 2. Reflect Social and Cultural Awareness in Developing and Maintaining International Business Networks Research sources of cross-cultural information: 1. Austrade 2. pwc: ww. pwccn. com/home/eng/doing_biz_invest_cn. html 3. Kwintessential: http://www. kwintessential. co. uk/resources/global-etiquette/china- country-profile. html 4. The Australian: http://www. heaustralian. com. au/business/lack-of-cultural-diversity-a- risk/story-e6frg8zx-1226546776157 5. Australian chamber of commerce and industry: http://www. acci. asn. au Profile cross-cultural communication styles for a specific country: China- * Greeting and closings (written and s poken): Greetings are formal. Chinese are not keen on physical contact, especially when doing business. A handshake with a simple and kind salutation, like â€Å"Ni Hao† (Hello! ), and a slight nod of the head is the standard way to greet men and women, whatever their age or seniority. Be sure not to slap, pat or put your arm around someones shoulders and not to be overly vigorous while shaking hands, as the Chinese will interpret this as aggressive. They respect their elders and they are always greeted first, so an extra show of courtesy in the presence of them will reflect well on you. * Proper forms of address: Address the person by an honorific title followed by their surname. If they want to move to a first-name basis, they will advise you which name to use. Generally speaking, there are four main categories: 1. You can call some directly by his job title and put it before his/her surname or full name. This is often used in the workplace on more formal occasions. e. g. Director Liu 2. To address based on professional qualification, which expresses respect to those being addressed. e. g. Lawyer Wang 3. To address based on educational qualifications. e. g. Dr. Zhang 4. To address based on professions. e. g. Teacher Chen If a person has no professional title, simply use â€Å"Mr. †, â€Å"Madam†, â€Å"Miss† plus the last name. * Making an appointment: Appointments are necessary, and, if possible, should be made between one-to-two months in advance, preferably in writing. Arrive at the appointment on time or slightly early. The Chinese view punctuality as a virtue. Provide the agenda first and reconfirm prior to meeting. Be aware that when their holidays and lunch time are and avoid making an appointment on those days or at those time, especially during the Chinese New Year and National Day. * Eye contact and tone of voice: Eye contact is a basic respect and manner. If you look at the other direction while talking to people, they will deem that you have no respect or are telling a lie. Don’t use exaggerate tone of voice while speaking but maintain regular intonation. Speak in short, simple, jargon-free sentences. Pause frequently. * Formal introductions: 1. Addressing others: Seniority is valued in China. It is important to address your counterparts by their title (Chairman, Director, etc. ). Find out who the most senior person in the room is and address them first. 2. Introducing yourself: Say your name clearly and remember to state your company or the company you work for and your position. As a point of reference, know that Chinese will refer to his/her company first, then his/her title, and then their name while introducing themselves to others. Having a Chinese name, ideally one with meaning rather than a transliteration your English or other language name will be taken as a sign of respect as well. 3. Giving/Receiving business cards: Similar to introductions, hand out business cards to the most senior official first. Chinese use both hands when giving and receiving anything of value, including gifts and particularly business cards; you should do the same as this is one of the first points at which you will make an impression. Take a moment to look at and acknowledge the individual’s card. * Body language: You should always be calm, collected and controlled. Body posture should always be formal and attentive as this shows you have self-control and are worthy of respect. If you are beckoning to someone, motion towards you using your palm and hand pointed downwards. Never palm up. Furthermore, don’t use your index finger or point while speaking. * Direct and indirect communication style: Indirect communication is the preferred method of transmitting news in China. It means that information (usually bad news or self-boasting) is either transmitted via a third party or through half truths. It usually involves the word â€Å"maybe. † For example, â€Å"Maybe you need to come to work on Saturday for a meeting. † When your Chinese counterparts politely say â€Å"Not a big issue† or â€Å"The problem is not serious†, they usually mean â€Å"There are still problems†. Part 3. Review Own Participation in International Network Participate in a networking event: Fashion Exposed Sydney * Establish face-to-face connections with at least 3 attendees: Australian designer – Chief Designer : Terry Biviano Australian wholesaler – President : R. M. Williams Chinese manufacturer – President : Zhang, Da Fu * I met the Chinese manufacturer, Mr. Zhang Da Fu at the event. We shook hands with a simple salutation in Chinese â€Å"Ni Hao† to each other first, then introduced my company, job title and my name to him, and then we exchanged business cards with both hands to each other. We had a small talk about the journey, hotel, weather and Sydney. Finally, I invited him to join Linkedin and Skype and Wechat on mobile phone for keeping in touch and the future cooperating opportunity. * Two days later, Mr. Zhang Da Fu went back to China and he did join Linkedin and Wechat and added me to be one of his connections and showed his interested in cooperating with my company. We made an appointment to chat on Wechat on Mar. 30 for the further discussion. Report on the networking event: * Event description, including type of network, purpose and objective: Fashion Exposed – Sydney It is Australias most anticipated designer trade event and will fuse business with fashion with FREE industry seminars and a first-look at the upcoming season. It provides an excellent opportunity for all the entrepreneur and new companies to work along with topmost established and contemporary brands to get an international exposure and to find their target customers, retailers, suppliers and manufactures, for discovering new labels and keeping up-to date with trends and network to build relationships with new designers and wholesalers and for sourcing from the most comprehensive range of apparel, accessories and footwear labels as well. Printed material for the event : Contact details or business cards of the 3 contacts : Australian designer – Terry Biviano Chief Designer Private Label : terry biviano Address : Red Doors, Level 5, 104 Commonwealth Street, Surry Hills, NSW Australia Tel/Fax : 61-2-92803318 Email : [emailprotected] com Australian wholesaler – R. M. Williams President R. M. Garment Co. , Ltd. Address : Level 11, 52 Alfred St. , Milsons Point, Sydney NSW, Australia Tel/Fax : 61-2-90285401 Email: [emailprotected] com Chinese manufacturer – Zhang, Da Fu President Dafu Garment Manufacture Co. : 1188? Adderess : 1188 Qixin Rd, Shanghai, China / : 00286-21-54957117 Tel/Fax : 00286-21-54957117 :[emailprotected] com Email : [emailprotected] com Copies of emails or letters sent to contacts seeking and / or providing feedback information or ideas: Dear Mr. Zhang, I am so glad to meet you at the Fashion Exposed event in Sydney and talk to you on Wechat and thank you for showing your interest in cooperation with us as well. I did meet a few outstanding designers at the event, who showed their high interests to cooperate with us and are willing to assign us to be their supplier. Therefore, I will visit you and your factories when I go back to China at the end of April. Therefore, please provide us your quotation first so that I can have a further discussion with the designers. Thank you very much and looking forward to meeting you soon! Regards, Grace Tsung Calculate costs of the event: | AUD| Entry Fee| 0| Flight| 0| Hotel| 0| Transportation| 25| Food/Drink| 70| Business cards | 175| Total| 270| Analyse Event: A. Effectiveness of the event: Beside the wonderful venue, it was exactly a successful event, which not only provided enough integral resources for the visitors but also organized well. I collected all the information I need, such as the latest fashion trend, tools and knowledge to buy better and sell more, business and visual merchandising, etc. rom the seminars, and also found some potential co-operators who are customers, designers, manufacturers, suppliers and wholesalers and exchanged our business cards with one another. B. Effectiveness of your communication: Because I just start to work half the year in Australia and half the year in China, I am good at English. When I spoke to Australian designers or other English native speakers, I couldnâ €™t express all that I would like to let them know, and they speak English so quickly that I couldn’t understand all that they expressed as well. Therefore, after the event, I have to email every one I got their business cards and invite them to join Linkedin or others, like Skype. C. Value of outcomes: Since I am in Sydney at a good hour, I don’t need to spend extra fees on hotel and flight. Also, this is the industry, which I was familiar to, so it is not difficult for me to build relationships and networks in this field. This time, I exchanged more than 50 business cards and got 20 personal contact details at the scene. I will keep participating any related

Feminist Art free essay sample

The subject of Feminist art has been debated for many years. Female artiste worked anonymously in a society, obsessed with male dominance for a long time, examples of women artistes before 19th cent are rare. They encountered a clash between their roles as Mothers, householders, workers etc in the society where males imposed patriarchal social systems and hence restricting a female’s artistic (along with her political, social) expression. significant in the dominant cultures patriarchal heritage is the preponderance of art made by males, and for male audiences, sometimes against females. Men maintained a system which excluded women from training as artists, or even selling their works. These events took a turn for good with the advent of feminism in the 1960s. At this time the United States experienced social upheaval coming with the Civil Rights Movement, economic prosperity, and reforms in the Catholic Church. Many other countries experienced social unrest of various kinds during this period. We will write a custom essay sample on Feminist Art or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page women were now educated, independent and sought a more positive role in the society. Consequently feminist art arose from the concerns of artists of one gender, begging the elemental question, what makes male art different from female art. Lucy R. Lippard in her feminist art essay raises a similar question Is there an art unique to women? , Lippard finds herself convinced that some characteristic features are necessarily feminist and hence inaccessible to men. Her social experience, her attitude towards her society would vary from that of a man’s, especially since her (a woman’s) experience of being a woman is naturally unique. ore often than not feminist art have been about womens power in arenas of which sexuality (reproductive acts and roles) is an important part. According to Lippard With more mature understanding of their influence of consciousness raising experience, female art have moved from a neutralized to an overt contact with focus on her sexual experience. But does it stop there? Is female art just a reproduction of Female sexuality? The de finition of feminist art seems limited due to works of art by female artiste laden with sexual innuendos. Therefore how do we define a feminist art? Art by women is not necessarily feminist, then what amounts to a distinction between female and male art. The discipline of gender studies could provide an opportunity to understand feminity with its contemporary sensibilities and juxtaposing it with its traditional connotations. The contemporary meaning of feminine can be appreciated , both in the way female body is celebrated in art and in the way it is portrayed by woman artistes. Lippard explains with an example from Indian art. †¦ In the visual arts of ancient India, the female body is depicted according to a very constant ideal of beauty. This same ideal is reflected also by Epics and classical poetry, through metaphors and similes. The womans body evokes sensuousness, fertility and auspiciousness; and it is often connected with vegetation and natural phenomena, as shown by literature, iconography and cult. Beauty in ancient Indian art is associated with fertility and auspiciousness. The feminine in ancient Indian art in the depiction of the female body according to a very constant ideal of beauty†¦ Female body is signified as a product of social structures of sexual differences and determines both what and how a women is painted. They are the products, sense, of social mobility and visibility in the social relations of seeing and being seen in a particular way, with respect to its cultural reference. Feminism is ideas related to a female’s most intimate experience, breaking away from years of oppressive social conditions. The properties found in women’s art to be expression of the social roles they occupy, putting forward their new social independence through artistic expression though often presupposing what is truly feminine, and hence they avoided the obvious, lest they fell into a line of stereotypes. But today artistes reject this approach and are moving back to the origin of womanhood or femininity, for to talk of one is to talk of another. With many other definitions entailing Feminist art, woman works of art have subjects dealing with their status in society, social; economical, political aspects. The ideology of feminism underlies heavily as a canvas for feminist art, and postmodern theories of the 20th cent views art as breaking the path for a new social order for femininity, which largely focuses on issues regarding nature and status of being an individual, subjectivity, the body etc. the philosophy of feminism moves beyond expression and art to the whole social political world order. The issues concerning the feminine world over, is met where art and traditions rise above ethnic hierarchies to convey common messages of womanhood.

Free Essays on Tatoos In Popular Culture

Tattoos in Popular Culture Individuality is defined as the aggregate of qualities and characteristics that distinguish one person or thing from others; character. It is the factor that determines who you are and your uniqueness in society. The art of body tattoos has long been a part of many cultures, with many different meanings. Tattoos are an artistic form of self-expression unique to each individual person. They have generally been thought of as an outcry by rebellious groups. However, tattoos have recently become more commonplace in American popular culture. I have a tattoo and I know many people who have tattoos as well. I cannot recall any two people with the same one. Tattoos are an incredibly malleable tool that can be shaped to fit the individual they are on. Different tattoos describe different things. Since no two people are the same, no two tattoos mean the same thing. I believe that individuality is a very important part of life. Being your own person gives one a defined sense of self. Everyone has their own beliefs, values and desires. If you do not express these beliefs, values and desires you are no different than anybody else. Self-expression creates uniqueness in a group. The wide range of tattoos allows for any of these characteristics to be shown. The specific choice of what tattoo to get is a very individualistic decision. You do not want to replicate a person’s art, but singling out one tattoo is a difficult process to go through. Personality comes through with the choice of your tattoo. If you walk out of a tat too parlor with a fire-spitting dragon crawling down your arm, it is going to say something different than if cupid adorns your bicep. Tattoos are a representation of the person’s personality. The art of tattooing has evolved in American culture from a tradition that was once only known to be practiced by bikers and working-class men to an art form practiced by many men and women of every socio... Free Essays on Tatoos In Popular Culture Free Essays on Tatoos In Popular Culture Tattoos in Popular Culture Individuality is defined as the aggregate of qualities and characteristics that distinguish one person or thing from others; character. It is the factor that determines who you are and your uniqueness in society. The art of body tattoos has long been a part of many cultures, with many different meanings. Tattoos are an artistic form of self-expression unique to each individual person. They have generally been thought of as an outcry by rebellious groups. However, tattoos have recently become more commonplace in American popular culture. I have a tattoo and I know many people who have tattoos as well. I cannot recall any two people with the same one. Tattoos are an incredibly malleable tool that can be shaped to fit the individual they are on. Different tattoos describe different things. Since no two people are the same, no two tattoos mean the same thing. I believe that individuality is a very important part of life. Being your own person gives one a defined sense of self. Everyone has their own beliefs, values and desires. If you do not express these beliefs, values and desires you are no different than anybody else. Self-expression creates uniqueness in a group. The wide range of tattoos allows for any of these characteristics to be shown. The specific choice of what tattoo to get is a very individualistic decision. You do not want to replicate a person’s art, but singling out one tattoo is a difficult process to go through. Personality comes through with the choice of your tattoo. If you walk out of a tat too parlor with a fire-spitting dragon crawling down your arm, it is going to say something different than if cupid adorns your bicep. Tattoos are a representation of the person’s personality. The art of tattooing has evolved in American culture from a tradition that was once only known to be practiced by bikers and working-class men to an art form practiced by many men and women of every socio...

The Human Rights Act 1998 was a constitutional mistake. Discuss Essay

The Human Rights Act 1998 was a constitutional mistake. Discuss - Essay Example Thus, HRA has altered the style in which the UK courts would approach the domestic legislation. Further, the opponents of the HRA vociferously argue that since the rights violation is already covered under the common law, there is no need to legislate separate law namely HRA. The critics argue that the Human Rights Act 1998 was a constitutional mistake." This essay will discuss why there is a need to repeal the current form HRA in an analytical way and arrive at a conclusion. Whether the Human Rights Act 1998 was a constitutional mistake? Two main allegations charged against HRA is that it politicises the judiciary and take away the legitimate authority enjoyed by the elected representatives, and it advocates a blame or compensation acculturation whereby society turns to be progressively more contentious5. One of the serious allegations against the Human Rights Act 1998 is that it remains as a hazard to public safety and rights. For instance, immediately after 9/11 attack in USA, the then British Home Secretary made an open warning to the judiciary to cease applying the HRA in ways, which frustrated the UK government plans. The leader of the conservative party is of the opinion that suitable amendments should be made in the HRA to deport those who were encouraging terrorism in UK soil as the HRA was demonstrating to be a barrier to safeguard the lives of UK citizens. Conservative party is of the opinion that HRA has created a culture that has hampered law enforcement machinery and the control of convicted criminal and obstructed the deportation of terrorist suspects. Conservative is also of the opinion that HRA has not succeeded in safeguarding the corrosion of the traditional liberties and may have even offered a facade of respectability. Lord Chancellor during March 2009 viewed his anguish that HRA has been commoditised which was corroborated by those who stressed their privileges in a selfish way without having concerned with the privileges of others. Critic s are of the view that HRA is more concerned with rights thereby totally neglecting responsibilities from UK citizens. Further, there has been ongoing discussion, whether or not the HRA has clouted the exact balance between the courts, Parliament and the executive. Critics have come against the provision in the Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) and deportation of terrorists which have placed the safety of the public at peril. Some critics vehemently argue that there should be a referendum, whether to retrench the Human Rights Act 1998 or not. Some critics have argued that there should be a referendum on any scheme to withdraw the HRA or to introduce the Bill of Rights which would basically cement some freedoms of individuals6. HRA will extremely impact statutory interpretation. HRA offers the court with the power and obligation to interpret and apply the law in a style that caters the ECHR obligations. It is alleged that HRA falls short of authorising UK co urts to annul legislation, which is not compatible with the ECHR. Clause 3 demands the UK court

Proposed design for residential dwellings and retail super markets Essay

Proposed design for residential dwellings and retail super markets near Lichfield Basin - Essay Example The proposal also highlights the preventive measures that need to be incorporated in view of flooding, soft and moist clayey ground, damp patches in buildings. The other design considerations include the spacing between dwelling and the development of garden in nearby area. Thus the single major aim of this design proposal is to develop sustainable dwellings and retails that are contemporary with good aesthetics 2. Performance requirements for buildings: The proposed site is a basin area and hence requires a careful design with respect to structural stability, good thermal and sound insulation and availability of natural lighting. The materials that provide good insulation are prescribed in the EST guidance, â€Å"Insulation materials chart - thermal properties and environmental ratings† (www.energysavingtrust.org.uk/housing , CE 71) and that for airtightness in â€Å"Insulation materials chart - thermal properties and environmental ratings† (www.energysavingtrust.org.u k/housing , CE 137). ... According to the Building Regulations Approved Document E of the Department for Communities and Local Government (Resistance to the passage of sound, 11 -17) of the building regulations, the attenuation values for airborne sound and impact sound could range from 3dB to 8dB. The credits in the certification is 1 for 3dB attenuation and for 8dB attenuation, the credit is 4. Insulation tests are carried out in pre-completion and post completion stage by test bodies accredited by UKAS. The thermal insulation is assessed by the Heat Loss Parameter. The long term thermal insulation of the building depends on the structure of the building. The Heat Loss parameter gives a statistical measure of the thermal insulation of the external surface area including construction and airtightness. A lower value of heat loss parameter specifies efficient design in terms of thermal insulation. The design and location of hot water cylinders, insulation pipes and cold water tanks needs more attention. ( I h ave removed some text here) During construction the design and mode of temporary supports need to be assessed and decided by a competent structural engineer who has sufficient knowledge about the load bearing ability of different materials. According to the Building and Construction Authority (â€Å"GUIDELINES FOR STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS†, www.bca.gov.sg/), the structural investigation of a building involves checking the structural plans, calculations of load bearing ability, testing the strengths of materials and carrying out load tests on parts of the building. As stated in the technical guide, of Department for Communities and Local Government

Roles and Responsibilities of The Qualified Nurse

Roles and Responsibilities of The Qualified Nurse VANITHA RAMAN INTRODUCTION A qualified nurse is central to the provision of safe, high quality nursing care and the backbone of the healthcare system. Qualified nurses are individually accountable for their own practice and have a personal responsibility to maintain their competency and meet professional standards in order to maintain their licence to practise. The role of the registered nurse has evolved with changes in advancing technology, newly defined client needs and changes in the way healthcare is delivered. In this way, it is not unreasonable to expect that the role of the registered nurse will continue to evolve and change. Qualified nurses are expected to develop their analytical problem solving and decision making skills throughout their nursing career (NMC, 2010) Benner (1984) proposed that nursing knowledge develops through research and integration into clinical practise and experience. Importantly, experience is not a time based activity but can only develop in the context of education and knowledge acquisition. Characteristics acquired throughout the registered nurse professional career contribute towards a sustainable profession through role modelling, clinical leadership, mentoring and coaching, supervision, teaching and research. The health reform environment will create opportunities for nurses to work in new models of healthcare delivery that provide quality health services to individuals, families and communities and enable nurses to practise to their full professional potential (North Hughes 2012) Clinical Governance The term clinical governance became prominent following the publication of New Labors first White Paper on health, The New NHS: Modern, Dependable (1997) and subsequently Quality in the New NHS (1998). According to Scally and Donaldson (1998) clinical governance is a ‘system through which organizations are responsible for continuously improving the quality of their services and safeguarding high standards of care by creating an environment in which excellence in clinical care will flourish. Clinical governance will not replace professional self-regulation and individual clinical judgement, concepts that lie at the heart of health care in this country, but it will add an extra dimension that will provide the public with guarantees about standards of clinical care (Sam Gilbraith 1998) In another word, it can be summarized that clinical governance is a way to increase managerial control of health professions (Flynn, 2004). Clinical Governance is composed of the following elements, Education, Clinical Audit, Clinical Effectiveness, Risk Management, Research and development and Openness. These elements are underpinned by the recognition of Communication, Teamwork and Leadership (Chambers et al. 2007). Flynn (2002) suggests that the proliferation of mixed metaphors (umbrella, model, framework, culture and mindset) indicate that there is an inherent ambiguity about the precise nature of clinical governance. While Travaglia et al. (2011) map the development of clinical governance as a mobilising concept in healthcare, we contribute to the literature by deconstructing prior definitions to clarify what is meant by the umbrella term â€Å"clinical governance†. The elements of clinical governance is composed of the following elements : Education. Clinical audit. Clinical effectiveness. Risk management. Research and development. Openness. Good clinical leadership is required to engage the entire practice team in a commitment to excellence. Education A good teacher not only imparts key pearls of wisdom, but also acts as an exemplary role model and has non-cognitive qualities such as the ability to inspire students in the learning process (Sutkin et al., 2008) and reflect on his/her teaching practice. Accountability Accountability is known as the key element for professional practice which is closely linked with delegation (NMC, 2010). A qualified nurse failure to comply with the issues of accountability such as accountable to the patient, her professional body, criminal law, employer through a contract of employment, and society generally through the NMC. The code: Standard of Conduct, Performance and Ethics for Nurses and Midwives (NMC, 2008a) As a nurse-leader, qualified nurses are professionally accountable to all the issues/problems that occur in their ward ( ICN, 2010). They further explained that as autonomous practitioners, nurses are accountable for their own action/practice. Simply, accountability can be referred as accepting ownership for all aspect of their practice and must be able to justify their decisions (NMC, 2008c). Mooney (2007) highlighted how ward managers’ expectations of newly qualified nurses were unrealistic, suggesting that pressures of the ward environment, being able to adapt and integrate quickly, and the added responsibility of accountability were particularly overwhelming. Maben and McLeod Clark (1998) also noted inconsistencies in preparation for management, suggesting that while the theoretical context was adequate, the practical aspects, such as drug administration, prioritising, decision making and clinical skills were variable. Caulfield (2005) states that maintains the patient’s trust in the individual nurse is important for professional accountability. Similarly, Ormrod and Barlow (2011) described explicitly that every nurse is responsibility to explain or answerability to offer justification of practice. The NMC (2010) code of conduct helped me how the laws and policies are set up to ensure safe and effective delivery of care given to service users under a patient group direction. Problem 1 Staff nurse A B were on night duty together with an assistant nurse. All three were working in the ICU. Suddenly one of the ICU patients went into a cardiac arrest. Staff nurse A announced a code blue .Four staffs from other units responded to the code blue. Staff A B started the resuscitation process. While this happened all four respondents stood idle as they were unaware of what to do. Solution for problem 1 Teamwork Teams and teamwork help to promote deep learning that occurs through interaction, problem solving, dialogue, cooperation and collaboration (Johnson Johnson,1995). Teamwork is defined by Scarnati (2001, p. 5) â€Å"as a cooperative process that allows ordinary people to achieve extraordinary results. Training must given to all qualified nurses and ensure that they understand the concept of teamwork so that they can build a strong team. In nursing, teamwork is essential for effective management and achieving positive results (Toofany, 2007). She further elaborated that NMC stressed all nurses must act to reduce errors and provide quality patient care by being part of healthcare team. A strong foundation which consists of creative leadership, clear goals and objectives (Clevenger, 2007) and trust (Blyth, 2006) determines success of a team. Team members must be flexible enough to adapt to cooperative working environments where goals are achieved through collaboration and social interdependence rather than individualised, competitive goals (Luca Tarricone,2001). Cipriano (2010) maintains that delegation is an underdeveloped skill among nurses which is difficult to assess as it relies on personality, communication style and mutual respect between the registered nurse and the healthcare assistant. Munn, Tufanaru, and Aromataris (2013), propose that there is a lack of clarity about the role of healthcare assistants complicates delegation processes. In order to build a good communication staff can be sent for team building courses so that can enhance their team work skills. According to Arnold B(1990), Team building is an effort in which a team studies its own process of working together and acts to create a climate that encourages and values the contributions of team members. Delegation can help others to develop or enhance their skills, promotes teamwork and improves productivity Sollivan.E.J et al (2009). When delegating, the delegator remain responsible for that care if he/she do not delegate appropriately as stated by NMC (2008) Heap (1996) affirms that the crux of the team building approach is love and spirituality which results in mutual respect, compassion, and humanity to work. West (1994) emphasised that organisations need to provide teams with adequate financial resou rces, administrative and technical support and professional education. Leadership Hershey and Blanchard (1977) life cycle theory explains that the leadership behaviour translates to the characteristic of the follower. Table below shows Hershey and Blanchard’s leadership behaviours and resultant leadership style: Task Relationship Leadership style High Low Telling Defines the task . Gives time frame for completion. One way communication High High Selling- balances concern for goal accomplishment with values. Leader in control but seeks input Low High Participating- getting the group to work together to accomplish the task Low Low Delegating Leader takes a low profile. Available for consultation Morse and Reimer (1956) suggest that different style of leadership is needed in different situation thus the concept of situational leadership. Vroom (1960) seem to agree with Hershey and Blanchard by suggesting that the leaders should modify their leadership style to suit the people they lead. In this situation, given that the four staff nurse that responded would have basic knowledge on performing CPR, the ICU nurse should have delegated the task. This given both task and relationship would have ranked low on the Hershey and Blanchard chart above. Delegating would have allowed the ICU nurse to assume the role of team leader to make major decision. Sarcevic, A., et al. Leadership structures in emergency care settings: a study of two trauma centers. [Erratum appears in Int J Med Inform. 2011 Aug; 80(8): e48]. International Journal of Medical Informatics. 80(4): p. 227-38. When leaders delegate responsibility appropriately, team members become more confident and autonomous in their work (Capko 1996). Kane (1975) suggested that leadership be allocated to the team member with the most expertise, rather than being linked to professional groups. Tan (2006:p.3) stated leadership as â€Å"influencing followers to do what is necessary to achieve organizational goal or vision†. So, to be a successful leader, leadership and management skills are combined to achieve a common goal (Tan, 2006). Capella, J, et al states that roles of the extra members need to be clearly defined to ensure optimum patient safety. Capella, J., et al. Teamwork training improves the clinical care of trauma patients. Journal of Surgical Education. 67(6): 439-43.PMid:21156305 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsurg.2010.06.006 (Blegen, 1993, Irvine Evans, 1995) share that changing the staffing mix can impact the quality of supervisory relation and influence staff outcome. This if had been implemented would have allowed better relationship to be forged between the ICU staff and the wad staff , which would have resulted in the situation been better managed. Teaching and Learning Some studies have shown training does help define roles during resuscitation. Dagnone, J.D., et al. Interprofessional resuscitation rounds:a teamwork approach to ACLS education. Medical Teacher. 2008; 30: 49-54. PMid:18464132 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01421590701769548. This would have helped when the ward staff responded to the code. Such training not only improves knowledge but also help define the roles and responsibility in the advent of such situation. Bradley, P., S. Cooper, and F. Duncan, A mixed-methods study of interprofessionsl learning of resuscitation skills. Medical Education. 2009; 43: 912-922. PMid:19709016 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2923.2009.03432.x One notable theory to consider is, David Kolb’s Experiential Learning Model (ELM).According to Kolb (1984, p.41) Learning is the process whereby knowledge is created through the transformation of experience. Kolb seek to argue that learning can exist without a teacher and merely through personal and environmental experience. Sabet (2005) recommended centralised, decentralised and mixed staffing system. As such having the staffs rotated at critical areas will allow them to get used to the practices and locations of item when handling an emergency situation. Solution. Leadership Mock code simulation training helps to improve registered nurses and first responder It should include reflections on incidents and situations and what you have learned from them. A good model of reflective practice that can be used is that of Gibbs (1988). Find out what happens if a member of staff is not performing as they should or is giving cause for concern A good model of reflective practice that can be used is that of Gibbs (1988). This teaching strategy enhances learning, skills and knowledge retention, and subsequently improved advanced cardiac life support outcomes (Scherer, Bruce, Graves Erdley, 2003). Wannan and York (2005) report that students’ knowledge could be acquired either by watching a video or through role play. Supervision on the staff during the code and give feedback for their improvement Doing statistic on improvement of resuscitations References Gordon, J. (2002) Team building. Journal of American Academy of Business, 2(1), 185-189. Tuckman, B. (1965). Developmental sequence in small groups. Psychological Bulletin, 63(6), 384 399. VanZile, J. (2002). Team building. In Corporate and incentive travel. Retrieved February 16, 2004, from http://www.corporate-inc-travel.com/CIT/Archives/stories2002/stories-jan2002.htm#five Bateman, A. (1990), Team building: Developing a productive team, In Nebraska Cooperative Extension CC352. Retrieved February 16, 2004, from http://ianrpubs.unl.edu/misc/cc352.htm